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(No Model.) 9 Sheets-Sheet 1L D. KUNHARDT.

AUTOMATIC TELEGRAPH.

No. 457,816. Patented Aug. 18, 1891.

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(No Model.) 9 Sheets-Sheet 2. D. KUNHARDT. AUTOMATIC TELEGRAPH.

No. 457,816. Patented Aug. 18, 1891.

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D.KUNHARDT.

AUTOMATIG TELEGRAPH.

Patented Aug. 18, 1891.

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(No Model.) 9 Sheets-Sheet 4.

D KUNHAR-DT. AUTOMATIC TELEGRAPH.

No. 457,816. Patented Aug. 18,1891.

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(No Model.) 9 Sheets-Sheet 5.

D. KUNHARDT.

AUTOMATIC TELEGRAPH.

No. 457,816. Patented Aug. 1s,v 1891.

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D. KUNHARD-T. AUTOMATIC TELEGRAPH.

No. 457,816. Patented Aug. 18, 1891.

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AUTOMATIC TELEGRAPH.

Patented Aug. 18, 1891.

(No Model.) 9 Sheets-Sheet 9.

D. KUNHARDT.

AUTOMATIC TELEGRAPH. No. 457,816. Patented Aug. 18, 1891 UNITED STATESPATENT OFFICE.

DAVID KUNHARDT, OF AAOHEN, GERMANY.

AUTOMATIC TELEGRAPH.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 457,816, dated August18, 1891. Application filed September 23, 1890- Serial No. 365,912. (Nomodel.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, DAVID KUNHARDT, a subject of the King of Prussia,residing at Aachen, in the Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Automatic Telegraphs, ofwhich the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improved apparatus for automatically sendingtelegrams to a receiving station or apparatus.

In the accompanying eight sheets of drawings, Figures 1 and 2 arerespectively a side elevation and plan of the improved automatictelegraph of my invention. Figs. 3 and 4 are respectively a front andside elevation of the wheel or drum H. Figs. 5 and 6 are respectively afront and sideelevation of the wheel or drum H. Figs. 7 and 8 arerespectively a front and side elevation of the wheel or drum H Figs. 9,10, and 11 are respectively a side and front elevation of a set ofcontact-cylinders. Fig. 12 is an end View of a set of cylinders with thecylinders in their lowest position to make contact. Fig. 13 is a frontelevation of the wheel H in-connection with the wheel or drum T. Fig. 14is a side elevation of the wheel or drum T. Fig. 15 is a side elevationof the wheel or drum H Fig. 16 shows the wheel H evolved upon a planesurface. Figs. 17, 18, and 19 represent the set of contact-springsbelonging to the said wheel H. Fig. 20 shows the wheel H evolved upon aplane surface. evolved upon a plane surface. Fig. 22 represents thecontact-spring belonging thereto. Fig. 23 shows the wheel H evolved upona plane surface connected with the first and last set ofcontact-cylinders.v Fig. 24 represents the contact-spring belongingthereto. Fig. 25 shows the wheel H" evolved upon a plane surfaceconnected with the first and last set of contact-cylinders. Fig. 26represents the contact-spring belonging thereto. Fig. 27 is a generalplan or diagram of the whole apparatus. Fig. 28 is a plan showing thecontacts for the word Berlin.

A shaft A, Figs. 1 and 2, is supported in bearings provided in standardsB 13 and susceptible of being turned by a handle K. Upon said shaft A anarm Z is mounted, the bent upper end of which carries contactspringswhich, during the rotation of the Fig. 21 shows the wheel H said shaft Aand arm Z, slide over the surface of a cylindrical wheel or drum H, ofwood or other suitable material, rigidly held in position by astandardV. On the outside end of shaft Aa toothed wheel 30 is mounted, gearingat the right and at the left hand side with toothed wheels 150 and 150said wheels being, respectively, mounted on shafts A and A carried inbearings of suitable standards or frame sides M M and M M.

The toothed wheels 20 and 20 are respectively mounted on said shafts Aand A and gear with the wheels 180 and 180", respectively carried by theshafts A and A The proportion of the gear-wheels is calculated in amanner to impart to the shafts A and A, provided in bearings of thestandards B 13*, one revolution during the time in which the shaft Amakes forty-five revolutions.

On theshaft A an arm Z is carried, and on the shaft A a similar arm ZEach of these arms has its upper end bent, and to the bent portion acontact-spring is secured, which spring has a slidingcontact,'respectively, with the circumference of the wooden wheel H,rigidly held in position by a standard V, and of a wooden wheel Hrigidly held by a standard V On the shaft A is, further, acylinder ordrum T, composed of thirteen rings R to R which in their rotation bearagainst thirteen corresponding springs F to F and on the said shaft A isalso mounted an arm Z the bent upper end of which carries contact-springs, which during the rotation of said v arm Z have a sliding contact onthe surface of the wooden wheel H rigidly held in position by a standardV On the shaft A is mounted a wooden wheel T composed of twelve rings Rto R which in their rotation bear against twelve corresponding springs Fto F On the same shaft A is further mounted an arm Z, the upper bent endof which carries contact-springs, which during the 'rota tion of saidarm Z have a sliding contact with the surface of the wooden wheel Hrigidly held in position by a standard V Upon the cylindrical surface ofthe wheel or drum H, as shown in Figs. 3 and 4, fifty contact-blocks arearranged, the series of positive blocks +1 to +25 being on one side ofthe wheel, the series of negative blocks 1 to -25 on the other side. Thepositive and negative blocks are not in line, but alternately arranged,as clearly shown in Figs. 4t, 16, and 27. Every positive block isconnected to the negative block of the corresponding number by aconductive wire. As shown in Fig. 4, a central rail E and two doublerails Pp and Na are arranged between the two series of contactblocks onthe circumferential surface of the wheel, forming complete rings orcircles around the same. The double rail Pp is connected to the positivepole of the battery 0 and the double rail N07. to the negative pole ofthe same, the central rail E being connected to ground E. Upon the railp of the double rail Pp a series of twenty-five contactblocks +1p to+25p are arranged. The said blocks are placed on the same radius of thewheel with the contact-blocks 1 to 25. Upon the rail n of the doublerail Nn a corresponding series of twenty -five contactblocks 1n to 25nare arranged, being placed on the same radius of the wheel with thecontact-blocks +1 to +25. The bent portion of the arm Z on shaft Acarries elastic springs J J 2 J insulated from the arm by a rubberpiece. \Vhen the shaft A is made to revolve, the spring J with one ofits two fingers slides along the contact-blocks +1 to +25, and with theother finger makes contact with the part P of the double rail Pp. Thespring J 2 having three fingers slides with one finger along the rail p,with the central finger along the rail E, and with the third fingeralong the rail '21-. The rails p and 'n are brought into contact withsaid fingers only where the contact-blocks are projecting from saidrails. The two-fingered spring J 3 is simultaneously making contact withthe portion N of the rail Na and with the series of negativecontact-blocks -1 to -25, as clearly shown in Figs. 3 and 4, and also inFig. 16, where the surface of wheel 11 is evolved upon a plane. Thecontacts made by the springs J J 2 J 3 while sliding over thecontact-field of wheel H give rise to impulsions of alternate currents,the direction of the first impulsion being: positive poleP J +1 F R 1 1WV C I Z Q, to line L,(independently of the latter, being connected tothe positive or negative series of contactblocks,) then returningthrough ground E, rail E, spring J +112 N to the negative pole. Thesecond direction will be: positive pole P 1p, J E 1 earth E, and backover the line L Q Z I C W 1 1 R F +1 -1 J N, negative pole. After thisan imp'ulsion will follow of the first direction, going to P J +2 line,ground E,rail E J +212. N, negative pole, and in succession a current ofthe second direction will pass by +2p, J E E L 2 J N, negative pole, andso on.

The wheel or drum I'I, Figs. 5 and 6, is rigidly held in position by astandard V, and on its cylindrical surface said wheel carries a seriesof forty-two contact-blocks numbered from I to XLII, while the otherwheel or drum H rigidly held in position by a standard V Figs. 7 and 8,carries on its cylindrical surface a series of forty contact-blocksnumbered I to XL. The arms Z Z belonging to said wheels 11 and H areinsulated upon their supporting-shafts A and A by a rubber hub or sleeveinterposed. To the hub of arm Z a sliding contactspring Q is provided tobear against said hub, and a similar spring Q is provided to bearagainst the hub of arm Z The upper bent portion of arm Z carries thesliding contact-spring J and asimilar spring J 5 is carried by the upperportion of arm Z Figs. 20 and 21 represent, respectively, the wheels ordrums H and H evolved upon a plane surface, and Fig. 22 is thecontactspring J orJ, sliding over the contact-blocks of the respectivewheel. From each of the contact-blocks arranged on said wheels II and Ha conducting-wire passes to one of the sets of cylinders, with exceptionof the contact-blocks XLI and XLII of wheel H, the latter two contactsbeing reserved for another purpose, as hereinafter described.

Of the sets of contact-cylinders, as shown in Figs. 9, 10, 11, and 12,forty sets are provided with thirteen cylinders each and forty withtwelve cylinders each. To all sets of thirteen cylinders the wires aresuccessively led from the contact-blocks of the wheel H for instance, toset 13 the wire from contact I of wheel II, to set 13 the wire fromcontact II of wheel II, &c., till set 13 receives the wire fromcontact-block XL of wheel H. To all sets of twelve cylinders the wiresare successively led from the contact-blocks of wheel I-P-for instance,to set 12 the wire leads from contact-block I of wheel 11*, to set 12the wire leads from contact-block II of wheel H &c., till set 12receives the wire from contact-blocks XL of wheel H The angular supports\V of all sets of cylinders are insulated from each other, and to allsets of thirteen supports the wires are successively led from thecontact-blocks on the wheel H for instance, to set 13 the wire leadsfrom contact-block S of wheel H to set 13 the wire leads fromcontact-block S of wheel H, &c., until the set 13 receives the wire fromcontact-block S of wheel 11 To all sets of twelve supports the wires aresuccessively led from contact-blocks on the wheel H -for instance, toset 12 the wires lead from contactblock S of wheel H, to set 12 the wireleads from contact-block S of wheel II, &c., until the set 12 receivesthe wire from contactblock S of wheel H.

The wheels or drums H H are hollow and rigidly held in position in theircentral por tions by annular standards V and V respectively. Upon thecylindrical surface of wheel H forty series S to S of thirteencontact-blocks are arranged in parallel rows, as shown in Fig. 13. Thefield of contact of this wheel is represented as evolved upon a planesurface in Fig. 23, in connection with'the first and last set ofcylinders. The wheel or drum H carries on its cylindrical surface asimilar arrangement of forty series S toSFl of twelve contact-blockseach arranged in parallel rows. The field of contact of this Wheel isrepresented in Fig. 25 as evolved upon-a plane surface and in connectionwith the first and last setofcylinders belonging thereto.

The wireconnection between each separate contact-block and thecorresponding angular support or angle Wis as follows: First, from thewheel H from contact-block 1 of series S a wire passes to angle W of set13 from contact-block 2 of series S a wire passes to angle W of set 13,from contact-block 3 of series 8 a Wire passes to angle W of set 13 andso on till from contact-block 13 of series S a wire passes to angle W ofset 13, from contact-block 1 of series S a wire passes to angle W of set13, from contact-block 2 of series S a wire passes to angle \V of set 13from contact-block 3 of series S a wire passes to angle W of set 13, andso on till from contact-block 13 of series S a wire passes to angle W ofset 13; finally, from contactblock 1 of series S a wire passes to angleW of set 13, from contact-block 2 of series S a wire passes to angle Wof set 13 from contact-block 3 of seriesS a wire passes to angle V ofset 13, and so on till from contact-block 13 of series S a wire passesto angle W of set 13. Second, from the wheel H: from contact-block 14 ofseries S a wire passes to angle W of set 12 from contactblock 15 ofseries S a wire passes to angle WV of set 12, from contact-block 16 ofseries S a wire passes to angle W of set 12 and so on tillfromcontact-block 25 of series S a wire passes to angle W of set 12 fromcontact-block 14 of series S a wire passes to angle W of set 12, fromcontact-block 15 of series S .a wire passes to angle WV of set 12 fromcontact-block 16 of series S awire passes to angle of set 12, andso ontill from contact-block 25 of series S a wire passes to angle W of set12; finally, from contact-block 14; of series S a Wire passes to angle Wof set 12, from contact-block 15 of series S a wire passes to angle W ofset 12, from contact-block 16 of series S a wire passes to angle W ofset 12, and so on till from contact-block 25of series S a wire passes toangle W of set 12.

In Fig. 13 the wheel or drum H (same as H is shown in connection withthe wheelor drum T (same as T mounted on the same shaft. The wheel T issecured. to the com mon shaft A by metal collars m and carries on itscylindrical surface 13 metallic rings numbered R to R and insulated fromeach other. The wheel T carries twelve rings nu mbered R to R ,.a'sshown in Figs. 1 and 2. Below the rings R to R are arranged springs FtoF and below the rings R to R there are corresponding springs F to F incontact with their respective rings, as shown in Figs.

1 and 2. From each ring R a wire leads to the inside of the hollowWheel. All these wires lead, respectively, to the contact-sprin gs 1 to13 and 14 to 25, respectively, carried by an interposed insulation ofthe arms Z and Z arranged to slide, respectively, over the contact-fieldof wheel H and II.

It has been mentioned before that the number of revolutions of the shaftA is so timed in proportion to the shafts A and A carrying the arms Z Zthat the latter complete one revolution when the shaft A completesforty-five turns. The arm Z of wheel H is so adjusted that its springwill slide from one contact-block of said block and make contact withthe next at the time when the springs J J J of arm Z, Fig. 3, areresting on the contact-block +21 of wheel H. The sprin g of arm Zcontinues to slide in contact with the block of wheel H against which itactually rests, as springs J J 2 J 3 of the arm Z require in travelingthe path S, indicated in Fig. 3 that is to say, till the fingers of saidsprings have arrived from contact-point +21 to +18 on the wheel H. Thenfollows a short pause, after which the spring of arm Z forthwith makes asliding contact with the next contact-block of the series on wheel H.The same play continues up to the contact-block XL of said wheel 11. Thearm Z with its spring is 'so adjusted relatively to the contact-blocksof Wheel 1-1 that the contact of the spring with every successiveblock'of the series from I to XL begins at the moment when the fingersof the springs J J J 3 are resting on the wheel H where the block 8 "isin line with them. The arm Z slides off the block of wheel H againstwhich it actually rests, when the springs J J 2 J make contact with theblock 5 of the wheel H. The arm Z accordingly, continues in contact witheach block of wheel H as long as the springs J J J of arm Z are occupiedin traveling the path S, indicated in Fig. 3. Analogous to the operationof arm Z over the surface of wheel H the arm Z is carried over the fortycontact-blocks H and analogous to the operation of arm Z on the wheel Hthe arm Z is carried over the surface of wheel H making contact with theforty blocks of the same.

In carrying my invention into practice the wheels H and H instead ofbeing constructed as separate or independent parts of the apparatus,might as well be omitted. In this case the contact-blocks I to XLII ofwheel 11 would be added as a fourteenth row of blocks to the thirteenrows contained on, the cylindrical surface of the wheel H and thecontact-blocks I to XL, described as being carried by the wheel H wouldbe added as a thirteenth row of blocks to the twelve rows alreadycontained on the surface of the drum or wheel H Corresponding with suchan additional row of contact-blocks both on the wheels H and Hafourteenth ring R and a fourteenth bearing-spring F (to replace thespring Q) would have to be added to the wheel or drum T, and also athirteenth ring R and a thirteenth bearing-spring F (to replace thespring Q) to the wheel T Likewise the arm Z would receive a fourteenthspring, replacing J and the arm Z a thirteenth spring to replace thespring J Each of these latter springs would be connected to itscorresponding ring R like the rest, While the two springs replacing thesprings Q and Q would be connected to line.

As above described, alternate currents are generated from thecontact-field of the wheel H and battery 0', as shown in Fig. 27. Thefirst iinpulsion of alternate current proceeds from block +1 to spring Fthrough the ring R to spring 1 of the arm Z thence through thecontact-block I of series S to the angular support IV below the set ofcylinders 13. Now, as all cylinders of the set 13 are connected incircuit with that contact-block I of wheel H which at a given moment isconnected to line L and spring Q of the arm Z, making contact with saidblock I, it will be understood that as long as the sliding contact ofarm Z with the said contact-block I continues, together with thesimultaneous contact made by the springs 1 to 13 of the arm Z with therow of thirteen contact-blocks of series S, all those impulsions ofcurrent which arise from the blocks +1 to +13 of the wheel II may beutilized, the corresponding angle IV of which within the set 13 will bebrought into contact with its cylinder (3, arranged to swing above saidangle. To telegraph the letter X, for example, the following cylinders 0G C C C C 0 C would have to be swung down into contact with theirrespective angles or supports \V' \V \V V IV V NV. The result would bethe character which by means of the attraction of the armature in thereceiver would be contracted into WVhen by the continued rotation of theshaft A and arm Z the springs J J J are brought into contact with theblock +14, the current from this moment will pass over the spring F, thering R, the spring 14 of arm Z through the contact-block 1 of series Sof the wheel 11*, and to the angle \V, below the set of cylinders 12. Ifthe cylinder 0 of said angle IV is in contact with the same, the currentwill pass to the contact-block 1 of wheel H through the arm Z and springQ to the line. Accordingly all impulsions from the blocks +14 to +25 maybe utilized by swinging down the cylinders of set 12 into contact withtheir respective angle W. During the continued rotation of the shaft A,as before described, the shaft A has been carried along into contactwith their respective angles W the cylinders O of the set 13. The sameplay continues exactly in the manner described until the contact-blockXL of wheel H enters into connection with series S of wheel 11 and withthe set of cylinders 13. During the continued rotation of shafts A thearm Z on wheel H has equally proceeded to the contact-block II of saidwheel, and simultaneously the arm Z of wheel H has proceeded to series S(from 14 to 25) in such a manner that by swinging down the cylinders ofset 12 into contact with their angles \V the impulsions arising from thecontactblocks +14 to +25 may be utilized. Finally, the contact-blocks XLof wheel H are working in connection with series S of the wheel II andthe set of cylinders 12. Then follows a pause of five contact-blocks forthe wheel 11 while by the wheel H a bell U is made to sound, said bellbeing actuated by closing the local circuit of a battery 0 the saidcircuit being closed through block XL and arm Z to indicate thetermination of the revolutions. Above the contact XL of wheel II a relayG is arranged in connection with the receiving-station, Fig. 27. Ifstoppering be applied between the connecting parts a fl, continuouscurrents are produced but if stoppering be applied at a alternatingcurrents will arise.

A telegram may be forwarded by the use of my improved apparatus insuccessively swinging down the cylinders, according to the rule, of thesets 13 12 13 12 13 12 13 12, and so on, until 13 12. Each cylinderswung down into contact with its supporting-angle WV will produce apoint of the Morse alphabet. Three consecutive points will produce adash. The pause between every two primary elements of a character areproduced by omitting one cylinder, the pause between two characters byomitting three cylinders, and the pause between two words by omittingsix consecutive cylinders.

It is evident that on turning shaft A the wheel or cylinder II istouched by the three springs J J J If this is done forty-five times, thearms 2 .2 drums T T and the arms .2 .2 are turned once. The pointer 2'lies in rest on the contact-piece XLII of the wheel II and can nowreceive signs over relays G by line L, spring Q, arm z, spring J, relaysG, block a, and earth E. For the purpose of giving signs+for example, adispatch beginning with the word Berlinit is laid down on the squaresbeneath the cylinders of the sets 13 12 13 12, 850., up to the sets 13and 12 in case the dispatch is so long. For each point is laid down onecylinder and for each dash are laid down three cylinders, the necessaryintervals being made by leaving standing cylinders. In dispatching theword Berlin the pointer Z lies on the block I of the drum 1-1. Thepointer Z is still distant from the block I of the drum H The pointer Zlies with its springs 1 to 13 on the row S 1 to IIO 13 of the drum H Thepointer Z is with its springs 14 25 still distant from the row S 14 to25 of the drum H The spring J slides on the elevation +1 and the bar P.The spring J slides on the elevation 1a and on the bar E. The bar 19itself is not touched, but only the elevations on the same, (+1 +21)+319, &c.;) nor is the bar at touched, but only the elevations of thesame (1n 2n 3n, ac.) when dispatching alternate currents. The spring Jslides on the bar N. Laid down are the cylinders O C C O O C C in set13, 017 C19 C20 C21 C23 i t 121, C2 04 O5 O6 O8 010 in set 13, and G 0 0C 0 0 in set 12. The current runs from +pole of the battery 0 to the barP, the contact-piece +1, the slide-spring F, the ring R of the drum '1",the spring 1 of the pointer Z the contactpiece 1 in row S of the drum Hthe square W, the cylinder 0 of the complex 13, the contact-piece I ofthe drum H, the pointer Z, the spring Q in line L, back over the earthE, contact-block a. 7/, bar E, spring J clevavation 1n, bar 02, bar N,to pole of the battery O. In this Way the first pointis given The dashof the letter B is represented by three points, which flow together to adash when the receiver is put up for this purpose. Thereafter followsthe alternate current from the positive pole of the battery 0 over barP, contact-piece +11), bar E 7/ a, to earth E, back over the line L,spring Q, pointer Z, contact-piece I of the drum H, cylinder 0, square Wof the set 13, contact-piece 1 in row S of the drum H spring 1 ofpointer Z ring R of drum '1", spring F contactpiece +1, over theconnecting-wire to contact-piece 1 of drum H, spring J bar N, and to thenegative pole of the battery 0. The second point (middle part of thedash) is dispatched over the positive pole of the battery 0, bar P,spring J, contact-piece +2, spring F ring R spring 2, contact-piece 2,square W cylinder 0 contact-block II of drum H, pointer Z, spring Q, andline L, back over earth E, blocks a y, bar E, spring J elevation 2n, barN, and negative pole of battery 0'. The corresponding alternate currentgoes from the positive pole of the battery 0 to the bar P +219, spring Jbar E, plugs 7/ a, earth E, back over line L, spring Q, pointer Z, blockll, cylinder 0 square 7 spring 2, contact-piece 2, ring R spring Fcontact-piece +2 to contactpiece -2 of the drum H, spring J bar N, tothe negative pole of the battery 0. The third point (end of the dash) isdispatched from the positive pole of the battery 0 over bar P, spring J,contact-piece +3, spring F ring R, spring 3, contact-block 3, square Wcylinder 0 block 'III of drum H, pointer Z, spring Q, line L, back overearth E, plugs a. 7/, bar E, spring J elevation 312, bar N, and negativepole of the battery 0. The corresponding alternate current goes from thepositive pole of the battery 0 to the bar P +31), spring J bar E, plugs7 a, earth E, back over line spring Q, pointer Z, block III, cylinder 0square W contact-piece 3, spring 3, ring R spring F contact-piece +3 tocontactpiece 3, spring bar N, to the negative pole of the battery 0, andthe first dash is dispatched. An impulse of the current over thepositive pole of the battery 0, bar P, spring J, contact-piece +et,&c.,cannot be dispatched, because an interruption takes place at the squareW and cylinder 0 Over square 1V and cylinder 0 there can now again bedispatched a current, besides the following alternate current dispatchedover W C IV" C W 0 thus giving the three points of the letter B and theletter 6. In the meanwhile the pointer Z has arrived on the piece I ofthe drum H and by sliding the springs J J J on the contact-pieces +14 tothe contact-pieces +25 all these currents and alternate currents in linecan be dispatched by laying down the cylinders in the set 12 overpointer Z and I of the drum H to produce the letter 0". By sliding thesprings J J J over the contact-pieces +14 to 25 the pointer Z slides offfrom piece I of drum H and slides immediately on piece II, while thepointer Z slides off from the row S 1 to 13 of drum H and immediatelyslides on the row S 1 to 13. As soon as the springs J J 2 J are again onthe contact-piece +1 all these currents go in the line, which can bedispatched by laying down the cylinders 1n the set 13 over pointer Z andpiece II of drum H to produce the letter Z. \Vhile this has happened thepointer Z slides off from block I of drum H and slides on block II,while the pointer Z slides off from row S 1st to 25 of drum IF andslides on row S let to 25. Thus with the springs J J J the currents overthe cylinders laid down in the set 12 and over the pointer Z and blockII of the drum H are dispatched in the line L. It is evident thatthereafter the intervals between the single sets are formed onmechanical grounds, and that these intervals have no influence on theregular groups of the letter elementary signs, but that the Word Berlinis grouped on the paper strip exactly according to direction given inthe represented Morse word Berlin above the sets. This is done by tworevolutions of the springs J J J around the drum H with the'contactpieces +1 +2 +3 +5 +7 +9 for set 13, +17 +19 +20 +21 +23 for set 12 +2+4 +5 +6 +8 +10 for set 13, and +11 +10 +20 +21 +22 +24 for set 12".Thus the word Berlin is dispatched by two revolutions of the springs J J2 J around the drum H. The further dis- ICC patching of the telegramtakes place over the laid-down cylinders in the sets 13 12 13 12 &c., tothe set 13 and 12 by the sliding of the pointers Z and Z over the pointsI to XL of the drums H and H and by the sliding of the springs J J Jover the contact-pieces +1 to +25 of the drum H. A bell U is brought inaction over the contactpiece XLI of drum H by pointer Z through thebattery 0 to give a signal that the dispatch is ended and that thepointers Z and Z have made forty revolutions.

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my saidinvention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare thatWhat I claim is An improved automatic telegraph apparatus comprising acontact-field composed of two series of contact-blocks +1 to +25 and 1to 25, the rails Pp, E, and Na, all arranged on the cylindrical surfaceof awheel or drum H, over which passes an arm Z, with slidingcontact-sprin gs J J J 3 to produce alternating currents generated bythe connection with a battery 0', which currents are guided throughbearing-springs F, rings R, contact-springs 1 to 13 and 14 to 25,respectively, carried by arms Z and Z" to the series S of contact-blockson the wheels H and H, thence to the angular supports \V, connected tothe line, whereby the said currents may be utilized by making contactbetween said an- 7 gular supports XV and a metallic cylinder 0 belongingto each of them, said cylinders being divided into sets permanentlyconnected to the contact-pieces on the wheels H and H and temporarilyconnected to line by the sliding contacts of the arms Z and Z and thesprings Q, and Q substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

In testimony whereof I hereunto sign my name, in the presence of twosubscribing witnesses, this 19th day of July, 1890.

. DAVID KUNIIARDT.

\Vitnesses:

JOHN HEcKMANNs, ARNOLD KOLP.

